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American Staffordshire Terrier Breed Standard General Impression The American Staffordshire Terrier should give the impression of great strength for his size, a well put-together dog, muscular, but agile and graceful, keenly alive to his surroundings. He should be stocky, not long-legged or racy in outline. His courage is proverbial. Head Medium length, deep through, broad skull, very pronounced cheek muscles, distinct stop; and ears are set high. Ears - Cropped or uncropped, the latter preferred. Uncropped ears should be short and held rose or half prick. Full drop to be penalized. Eyes - Dark and round, low down in skull and set far apart. No pink eyelids. Muzzle - Medium length, rounded on upper side to fall away abruptly below eyes. Jaws well defined. Underjaw to be strong and have biting power. Lips close and even, no looseness. Upper teeth to meet tightly outside lower teeth in front. Nose definitely black. Neck Heavy, slightly arched, tapering from shoulders to back of skull. No looseness of skin. Medium length. Shoulders Strong and muscular with blades wide and sloping. Back Fairly short. Slight sloping from withers to rump with gentle short slope at rump to base of tail. Loins slightly tucked. AMERICAN STAFFORDSHIRE TERRIER AVLSRESTRIKTIONER: Avlsforbud fra 1-7-2010 i Danmark. |
Body Well-sprung ribs, deep in rear. All ribs close together. Forelegs set rather wide apart to permit chest development. Chest deep and broad. Tail Short in comparison to size, low set, tapering to a fine point; not curled or held over back. Not docked. Legs The front legs should be straight, large or round bones, pastern upright. No resemblance of bend in front. Hindquarters well-muscled, let down at hocks, turning neither in nor out. Feet of moderate size, well-arched and compact. Gait must be springy but without roll or pace. Coat Short, close, stiff to the touch, and glossy. Color Any color, solid, parti, or patched is permissible, but all white, more than 80 per cent white, black and tan, and liver not to be encouraged. Size Height and weight should be in proportion. A height of about 18 to 19 inches at shoulders for the male and 17 to 18 inches for the female is to be considered preferable. Faults Faults to be penalized are: Dudley nose, light or pink eyes, tail too long or badly carried, undershot or overshot mouths. Approved June 10, 1936 |
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Bullmastiff Breed Standard Working Group General Appearance That of a symmetrical animal, showing great strength, endurance, and alertness; powerfully built but active. The foundation breeding was 60% Mastiff and 40% Bulldog. The breed was developed in England by gamekeepers for protection against poachers. Size, Proportion, Substance Size--Dogs, 25 to 27 inches at the withers, and 110 to 130 pounds weight. Bitches, 24 to 26 inches at the withers, and 100 to 120 pounds weight. Other things being equal, the more substantial dog within these limits is favored. Proportion--The length from tip of breastbone to rear of thigh exceeds the height from withers to ground only slightly, resulting in a nearly square appearance. Head Expression--Keen, alert, and intelligent. Eyes Dark and of medium size. Ears--V-shaped and carried close to the cheeks, set on wide and high, level with occiput and cheeks, giving a square appearance to the skull; darker in color than the body and medium in size. Skull Large, with a fair amount of wrinkle when alert; broad, with cheeks well developed. Forehead flat. Stop--Moderate. Muzzle--Broad and deep; its length, in comparison with that of the entire head, approximately as 1 is to 3. Lack of foreface with nostrils set on top of muzzle is a reversion to the Bulldog and is very undesirable. A dark muzzle is preferable. Nose--Black, with nostrils large and broad. Flews--Not too pendulous. Bite--Preferably level or slightly undershot. Canine teeth large and set wide apart. Neck, Topline, Body Neck--Slightly arched, of moderate length, very muscular, and almost equal in circumference to the skull. Topline--Straight and level between withers and loin. Body--Compact. Chest wide and deep, with ribs well sprung and well set down between the forelegs. Back--Short, giving the impression of a well balanced dog. Loin--Wide, muscular, and slightly arched, with fair depth of flank. Tail--Set on high, strong at the root, and tapering to the hocks. It may be straight or curved, but never carried hound fashion. BULLMASTIFF AVLSRESTRIKTIONER: Præmieringskrav: Afkom kan kun stambogsføres,såfremt begge forældre før parring er præmieret med mindst "VERY GOOD" på en FCI/DKK anerkendt udstilling. HD- og AD krav: Afkom kan kun stambogsføres ,såfremt begge forældre før parring har en officiel HD- og AD status,som er registreret hos DKK. D eller E status, må ikke anvendes i avl i Danmark Tidligste alder ved HD-og AD fotografering: 18 mdr. for begge køn ved HD foto 12 mdr. for begge køn ved AD foto |
Forequarters Shoulders--muscular but not loaded, and slightly sloping. Forelegs--straight, well boned, and set well apart; elbows turned neither in nor out. Pasterns straight, feet of medium size, with round toes well arched. Pads thick and tough, nails black. Hindquarters Broad and muscular, with well developed second thigh denoting power, but not cumbersome. Moderate angulation at hocks. Cowhocks and splay feet are serious faults. Coat Short and dense, giving good weather protection. Color Red, fawn, or brindle. Except for a very small white spot on the chest, white marking is considered a fault. Gait Free, smooth, and powerful. When viewed from the side, reach and drive indicate maximum use of the dog's moderate angulation. Back remains level and firm. Coming and going, the dog moves in a straight line. Feet tend to converge under the body, without crossing over, as speed increases. There is no twisting in or out at the joints. Temperament Fearless and confident yet docile. The dog combines the reliability, intelligence, and willingness to please required in a dependable family companion and protector. Approved February 8, 1992 |
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English Bulldog Breed Standard GENERAL APPEARANCE : Smooth-coated, thick set, rather low in stature, broad, powerful and compact. Head fairly large in proportion to size, but no point so much in excess of others as to destroy the general symmetry, or make the dog appear deformed, or interfere with its powers of motion. Face short, muzzle broad, blunt and inclined upwards. Dogs showing respiratory distress highly undesirable. Body short, well knit, with no tendency towards obesity. Limbs stout, well muscled and in hard condition. Hindquarters high and strong but somewhat lighter in comparison with heavy foreparts. Bitches not so grand or well-developed as dogs. BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Conveys impression of determination, strength and activity. Alert, bold, loyal, dependable, courageous, fierce in appearance, but possessed of affectionate nature. HEAD : Viewed from side, head appears very high and short from back to point of nose. Forehead flat with skin upon and about head, loose and finely wrinkled, neither prominent nor overhanging face. Projections of frontal bones prominent, broad, square and high. From stop, a furrow, both broad and deep extending to middle of skull being traceable to apex. Face from front of cheek-bone to nose, short, skin wrinkled. Distance from inner corner of eye (or from centre of stop between eyes) to extreme tip of nose not exceeding length from tip of nose to edge of underlip. CRANIAL REGION : Skull : Skull large in circumference. Viewed from front appears very high from corner of lower jaw to apex of skull; also very broad and square. Stop : Deep, wide indentation between eyes. FACIAL REGION : Viewed from front, the various properties of the face must be equally balanced on either side of an imaginary line down centre. Nose : Nose and nostrils large, broad and black, under no circumstances liver colour, red or brown; top set back towards eyes. Nostrils large wide and open, with well-defined vertical straight line between. Muzzle : Muzzle short, broad, turned upwards and very deep from corner of eye to corner of mouth. Nose roll must not interfere with the line of layback. Lips : Flews (chops) thick, broad, pendant and very deep, hanging completely over lower jaws at sides, not in front, joining underlip in front and quite covering teeth. Jaws/Teeth : Jaws broad, massive and square, lower jaw projecting in front of upper and turning up. Jaws broad and square with six small front teeth between canines in an even row. Canines wide apart. Teeth large and strong not seen when mouth closed. When viewed from front under jaw directly under upper jaw and parallel. Cheeks : Cheeks well-rounded and extended sideways beyond eyes. Eyes : Seen from front, situated low down in skull, well away from ears. Eyes and stop in same straight line, at right angles to furrow. Wide apart, but outer corners within the outline of cheeks. Round in shape, of moderate size, neither sunken nor prominent, in colour very dark- almost black- showing no white when looking directly forward. Free from obvious eye problems. Ears : Set high-i.e. front edge of each ear (as viewed from front) joins outline of skull at top corner of such outline, so as to place them as wide apart, as high and as far from eyes as possible. Small and thin. "Rose ear" correct, i.e. folding inwards back, upper or front inner edge curving outwards and backwards, showing part of inside of burr. NECK : Moderate in length, very thick, deep and strong. Well-arched at back, with much loose, thick and wrinkled skin about throat, forming dewlap on each side, from lower jaw to chest. BODY : Topline : Slight fall to back close behind shoulders (lowest part) whence spine should rise to loins (top higher than top of shoulder), curving again more suddenly to tail, forming arch (termed roach back)-a distinctive characteristic of breed. Back : Back short, strong, broad at shoulders, comparatively narrower at loins. Chest : Chest wide, laterally round, prominent and deep. Body well-ribbed up behind. Brisket capacious, round and very deep from top of shoulders to lowest part where it joins chest. Well let down between forelegs. Large in diameter, round behind forelegs (not flat-sided, ribs well-rounded). Belly : Belly tucked up and not pendulous. ENGELSK BULLDOG AVLSRESTIKTIONER: Præmieringskrav: Afkom kan kun stambogsføres såfremt begge forældre før parring er præmieret med mindst "VERY GOOD" på en FCI/DKK anerkendt udstilling. HD-og AD krav: Der er ingen krav om fotografering,men såfremt der i anden anledning er konstateret D eller E status,kan hunden ikke anvendes i avl. |
TAIL : Set on low, jutting out rather straight and then turning downwards.
Round, smooth and devoid of fringe or coarse hair. Moderate in length-rather
short than long-thick at root, tapering quickly to a fine point. Downward
carriage (not having a decided upward curve at end) and never carried above
back. LIMBS FOREQUARTERS : Forelegs very stout and strong, well-developed, set wide apart, thick, muscular and straight, presenting rather bowed outline, but bones of legs large and straight, not bandy nor curved and short in proportion to hindlegs, but not so short as to make back appear long, or detract from dog's activity and so cripple him. Shoulders : Shoulders broad, sloping and deep, very powerful and muscular giving appearance of being "tacked on" body. Elbows : Elbows low and standing well away from ribs. Pasterns : Pasterns short, straight and strong. HINDQUARTERS : Legs large and muscular, longer in proportion than forelegs, so as to elevate loins. Legs long and muscular from loins to hock; short, straight, strong lower part. Stifles : Stifles round and turned slightly outwards away from body. Hocks : Hocks thereby made to approach each other and hind feet to turn outwards. Hocks slightly bent, well let down. FEET : Fore, straight and turning very slightly outward; of medium size and moderately round. Hind, round and compact. Toes compact and thick, well split up, making knuckles prominent and high. GAIT / MOVEMENT : Peculiarly heavy and constrained, appearing to walk with short, quick steps on tips of toes, hind feet not lifted high, appearing to skim ground, running with one or other shoulder rather advanced. Soundness of movement of the utmost importance. COAT HAIR : Fine texture, short, close and smooth (hard only from shortness and closeness, not wiry). COLOUR : Whole or smut, (i.e. whole colour with black mask or muzzle). Only whole colours (which should be brilliant and pure of their sort). viz., brindles, reds with their various shades, fawns, fallows etc., white and pied (i.e. combination of white with any of the foregoing colours). Dudley, black and black with tan highly undesirable. WEIGHT : Dogs : 25 kgs (55 lbs). Bitches : 23 kgs (50 lbs). FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog. Judges are required to strictly adhere to this standard and take the following faults into consideration : FAULTS : " Nose roll overhanging or partly covering the nose. ELIMINATING FAULTS : " Aggressive or overly shy. " Dogs showing respiratory distress. " Ingrown tail. Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified. N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum. |
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Hofteledsdysplasi
For at stille en nøjagtig diagnose er det nødvendigt at tage røntgenbilleder af hofterne. Hvis hunden er meget rolig, kan man godt tage røntgenbillederne, uden at den er bedøvet. Det giver dog oftest bedre billeder, og det er også rarere for hunden, hvis den er bedøvet under optagelserne. Røntgenoptagelsen sker mens hunden ligger på ryggen og får sine bagben strakt helt bagud, mens de samtidigt holdes parallelle. På billederne ser dyrlægen efter, hvor godt ledhoved og ledskål passer sammen, og hvordan formen på lårbenshovedet og ledskålen er.
I den akutte fase med smerter vil dyrlægen behandle hunden med smertestillende medicin og bede dig holde din hund i ro. Eventuelt skal hundens diæt og træning lægges om. En voksen hund med hofteledsdysplasi behandles som regel med smertestillende medicin. En anden medicinsk behandling består i at dyrlægen give hunden brusk-forbedrende medicin som 4 indsprøjtninger, med en uge imellem. Dette suppleres med kosttilskud. Hvis det ikke hjælper tilstrækkeligt, eller hvis man vurderer, at en operation er nødvendig, er der flere muligheder.
Mange ældre hunde med hofteledsdysplasi kan hjælpes med smertestillende midler. Som nævnt i afsnittet om behandling af hofteledsdysplasi ovenfor, er der mange behandlingsmuligheder, så chancen for at få en velfungerende hund er god. Der findes dog nogle håbløse tilfælde, som ikke kan hjælpes. Det skal pointeres at hunde, der får
konstateret hofteledsdysplasi, ikke bør bruges i avlen.
Der er over hele verden iværksat programmer, som skal
afdække hvilke hunde, der har hofteledsdysplasi og derfor
ikke må bruges til avl. I opvæksten har foderets sammensætning stor betydning for udviklingen af hofteledsdysplasi. For stor væksthastighed og ubalance i mineralsammensætningen disponerer for lidelsen. Det er især for meget kalk og forkert kalcium-fosfor forhold i foderet, der har betydning. Overdreven motion og træning af unghunde
øger risikoen for hofteledsdysplasi, og for alle hunde er
overvægt i høj grad med til at forværre
tilstanden. Resultaterne fra de racer, hvor mere end 50 hunde er fotograferet, afslører, at:
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OWNER: Tillie Meldgaard Andersen Denmark Phone 0045 6112 3693 |
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